Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Stages, Types and More
Cancer occurs when changes called mutations take place in genes that regulate cell growth. The mutations let the cells divide and multiply in an uncontrolled way. Breast cancer is cancer that develops in breast cells. Typically, the cancer forms in either the lobules or the ducts of the breast. Lobules are the glands that produce milk, and ducts are the pathways that bring the milk from the glands to the nipple. Cancer can also occur in the fatty tissue or the fibrous connective tissue within your breast. The uncontrolled cancer cells often invade other healthy breast tissue and can travel to the lymph
Types of Blood Cancer: Lymphoma, Leukemia, and Multiple
Blood cancers affect blood cells and bone marrow -- the spongy tissue inside your bones where blood cells are made. These cancers change the way blood cells behave and how well they work.You have three types of blood cells: White blood cells fight infection as part of your immune system. Red blood cells carry oxygen to your body's tissues and organs and bring carbon dioxide to your lungs so you can breathe it out. Platelets help your blood clot when you're injured. There are three major types of blood cancer: Leukemia Lymphoma Myeloma These cancers cause your bone marrow and lymphatic system
Brain surgery
The brain controls and coordinates conscious and unconscious body functions, as well as ‘higher’ functions such as memory, learning and thinking. Like any other part of the body, it is susceptible to bleeding, infection, trauma and other forms of damage. This damage or alteration in brain function sometimes requires brain surgery (neurosurgery) to diagnose or treat these problems. Symptoms of conditions needing brain surgery The symptoms of conditions requiring brain surgery may vary, depending on the type and severity of the condition. General symptoms include: Headache Nausea Vomiting Drowsiness Seizures. Brain conditions may require brain surgery The main types of brain conditions that may
What to Expect Along the Path to Conceiving With IVF
Starting the IVF pregnancy treatment process can be an exciting and nerve-wracking experience. Usually, IVF is pursued only after other fertility treatments have failed. You may have been trying to conceive for months or, more likely, for years and years. But this is not always the case. Sometimes, IVF is the very first treatment tried. For example, IVF may be the first option if: A gestational carrier is needed An egg donor is being used If a woman's fallopian tubes are blocked Severe cases of male infertility When previously cryopreserved eggs are being used Still, even in these cases, IVF may come after years of trying to get pregnant and several fertility
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Risks, Success Rate, Procedure
Today, in vitro fertilization (IVF) is practically a household word. But not so long ago, it was a mysterious procedure for infertility that produced what were then known as "test-tube babies." Louise Brown, born in England in 1978, was the first such baby to be conceived outside her mother's womb.Unlike the simpler process of artificial insemination -- in which sperm is placed in the uterus and conception happens otherwise normally -- IVF involves combining eggs and sperm outside the body in a laboratory. Once an embryo or embryos form, they are then placed in the uterus. IVF is a complex and expensive procedure; only about 5% of couples with infertility seek it
Bone marrow: Function, diseases, transplants, and donation
Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of the bones in the body, including the hip and thigh bones. Bone marrow contains immature cells called stem cells. Many people with blood cancers, such as leukemia and lymphoma, sickle cell anemia, and other life threatening conditions rely on bone marrow or cord blood transplants to survive. People need healthy bone marrow and blood cells to live. When a condition or disease affects bone marrow so that it can no longer function effectively, a marrow or cord blood transplant could be the best treatment option. For some people, it may be the only option. This article looks at everything
What Is Bone Marrow?
Bone Marrow Bone marrow is a spongy substance found in the center of the bones. It manufactures bone marrow stem cells and other substances, which in turn produce blood cells. Each type of blood cell made by the bone marrow has an important job. Red blood cells carry oxygen to tissues in the body. Platelets stop bleeding by helping blood clot. White blood cells fight infections. White Blood Cells Three very important types of white blood cells are essential to the proper functioning of the body's immune system, which fights infection: Neutrophils and Macrophages — These white blood cells fight bacterial and fungal infections by "eating" germs
c, signs, stages
Lung cancer occurs when cells divide in the lungs uncontrollably. This causes tumors to grow. These can reduce a person’s ability to breathe and spread to other parts of the body. Lung cancer is the third most commonTrusted Source cancer and the main cause of cancer-related death in the United States. It is most common in males, and in the U.S., Black males are around 15% more likely to develop it than white males. Smoking is a major risk factor, though not everyone who develops lung cancer has a history of smoking. Lung cancer can be fatal, but effective diagnoses and treatments are improving the outlook. This article will
Types of Knee Surgery for Arthritis Treatment
There are several different types of surgery offered to treat knee arthritis. Which surgery, if any, is recommended will depend on several factors, such as the patient’s age, anatomy, general health, lifestyle, and personal preferences, as well as the surgeon’s experience and preferences. Total Knee Replacement Surgery (Total Knee Arthroplasty) Undergoing Total Knee Replacement for Knee Arthritis Total knee replacement surgery involves cutting the damaged ends of the tibia (shin bone) and femur (thighbone) and capping both with prostheses. Read Undergoing Total Knee Replacement for Knee Arthritis Patients with moderate to severe knee arthritis who have exhausted non-surgical treatment options might consider replacing the entire
What Is a Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury, Causes, Symptoms, Preventing
The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is the strongest ligament in the knee joint. Ligaments are thick, strong bands of tissue that connect bone to bone. The PCL runs along the back of the knee joint from the bottom of the thighbone (femur) to the top of the lower leg bone (tibia). The PCL helps keep the knee joint stable, especially the back of the joint. An injury to the PCL could involve straining, spraining, or tearing any part of that ligament. The PCL is the least commonly injured ligament in the knee. A PCL injury is sometimes referred to as an “overextended